The Surgery:
- Anesthesia: The procedure is typically done under local anesthesia, meaning the patient is awake but the eye is numbed. Sedation may also be offered to keep the patient relaxed.
- Incision: A tiny incision is made at the edge of the cornea (the clear front part of the eye). The incision is usually small (around 2-3mm), so it often doesn’t require stitches.
- Removal of the Natural Lens: The surgeon uses an ultrasonic device called phacoemulsification to break up (emulsify) the natural lens and then aspirates the fragments out of the eye.
- Inserting the Intraocular Lens (IOL): Once the natural lens is removed, an IOL is inserted into the empty lens capsule. The IOL is a clear, synthetic lens made of materials like acrylic, silicone, or hydrophobic acrylic. There are different types of IOLs:
- Monofocal IOLs: Correct vision at one distance (e.g., near or far).
- Multifocal IOLs: Offer vision correction at multiple distances (near, intermediate, and far).
- Toric IOLs: Designed to correct astigmatism in addition to nearsightedness or farsightedness.
- Accommodating IOLs: These lenses can change shape, providing more natural focus across a range of distances, mimicking the eye’s natural accommodation (focusing ability).
- The IOL is carefully positioned within the eye, and the tiny incision is self-sealing, typically not requiring stitches.